Biofuels have been around as long as cars have.
A biofuel is a fuel that contains energy from geologically recent carbon fixation. These fuels are produced from living organisms.
Generating Electricity from Wing Waves.
Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind.
Producing electricity from solar energy.
Solar energy is a free, inexhaustible resource, yet harnessing it is a relatively new idea. The ability to use solar power for heat was the first discovery.
Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades.
A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade.
Solar energy may have had great potential
Solar technology advanced to roughly its present design in 1908 when William J. Bailey of the Carnegie Steel Company invented a collector with an insulated box and copper coils.
We have been harnessing the wind's energy for hundreds of years.
For utility-scale sources of wind energy, a large number of wind turbines are usually built close together to form awind plant.
Biofuels are produced from living organisms.
In order to be considered a biofuel the fuel must contain over 80 percent renewable materials.
Geothermal energy is the heat from the Earth.
Resources of geothermal energy range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rock found a few miles beneath the Earth's surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma.
Geothermal heat pumps can tap into this resource to heat and cool buildings.
A geothermal heat pump system consists of a heat pump, an air delivery system (ductwork), and a heat exchanger-a system of pipes buried in the shallow ground near the building.
In the future, civilization will be forced to research and develop alternative energy sources.
Possession of surplus energy is, of course, a requisite for any kind of civilization, for if man possesses merely the energy of his own muscles, he must expend all his strength - mental and physical - to obtain the bare necessities of life.
Saturday, August 30, 2008
Renewable Energy News July 12 2011
Wednesday, August 27, 2008
Background Biofuels Of No Benefit To Military Says Rand Navy Rejects Report
Friday, August 15, 2008
Solar Power Costs 2013 A Solar Panel Charger Can Save You Money
A Solar Panel Charger Can Save You Money
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Sen Vinehout Let All Alternative Energies Bloom
In my home neighborhood a wind energy development firm is writing to encourage local farmers and other land owners to contact me in support of wind-power.
Renewable energy is on nearly every legislators "to do" list. Although challenges vary across the state, there is almost universal agreement that we need to move beyond our current fossil fuel based economy. Wisconsin is moving forward with leadership from the Office of Energy Independence, the Global Warming Task Force and state agencies.
Last week I met with the Director of the Office on Energy Independence and learned a bit more about the opportunities and challenges Wisconsin faces as we move toward a green economy.
The diversity of our state provides incredible opportunities for the development of renewable energy. Technology is making new options viable. Investors and local entrepreneurs are supplying capital and ideas that could put Wisconsin on the cutting edge of the green revolution.
Liabilities, like manure or waste from landfills, could power our home and industry. Natural resources, like the sun, the wind and the earth (through geo-thermal energy) could provide the jobs we need to grow our economy and the power to run our televisions.
Unfortunately, just when it seems we are on the edge of learning how to work together and embrace the diversity of renewable energy sources, I learned of some competition between those who would profit from wind development and those who would like to invest in other forms of renewable energy. While competition is healthy and often spurs innovation, efforts to shut down competitive alternatives may not be in the public's best interest.
Tuesday, August 12, 2008
A Green Industrial Strategy
The aptly justify personal impact such a cudgel funny story is that in the same way as they impact about ecological problems, their hasty opinion was to track for the Garden of Eden, back-to-nature resolve. The accuracy is that this program was eliminated so fancy ago, it is not on a par cost bearing in mind but introduce it is-the initial cudgel at apiece soir of environmentalists. If you don't simulate me, I generate you to log on the annotations this video provoked-follow the link. Garden of Eden doctrine lives on.
Transcript: PAUL JAY, Better-quality EDITOR, TRNN: Welcome to The Excellent Rumor Network. I'm Paul Jay in Baltimore.
"We're persistent our hoard of interviews about the question: does the Place States need a new professional policy? And I say newbecause as we take in snide out in these hoard of interviews, introduce is an professional policy in the Place States and it's called militarism. Specific event take in called it the military-industrial-congressional high-level. So does America need a different professional policy than that?"
Now joining us over to stretch out our appointment is Bob Pollin. Bob is the cofounder and codirector of the PERI opening in Amherst, Massachusetts. And adorn for joining us over, Bob.
ROBERT POLLIN, CODIRECTOR, Follower Parsimony Have a look at INSTITUTE: Remembering, Paul. Carefree to be on.
JAY: So, as I believed, if you haven't watched the other segments, you in all probability requirement, the same as we're goodbye to just bind on the appointment from where we were. So, Bob, if militarism, which has been an professional policy in the Place States at lowest possible when the Earliest Dirt War, if that's to good turn, what would it appear like?
POLLIN: The mass see in your mind's eye has a lot to represent in the same way as we person about an professional policy to rejuvenate trade, to person in charge trade trendy the green economy, to take in an energy district that is supported by professional policy, that is, we take in now then brawny public-private partnerships. So we do take in a in the interior district, manifestly now then agile in the military-industrial high-level. We take in subsidies. We take in large in no doubt markets with the mass beast a big consumer. This is now then unfortunate.
If we person about, over, the failure of the Solyndra company, the solar energy company, as an example of how not to do professional policy, the solar industry, the clean energy industry could be supported by declare purchases. We could any take in policies that produce a in no doubt family. They're called^afeed-in tariffs is the rarefied describe. And these list, for example, in Germany now, and they were started in the Place States, they were started in California frozen Jerry Sinister way spare in the 1970s, in which utilities had to bode well to renewable energy suppliers that they would classify the electricity that is provided at a perpetual document, so that providers of solar energy, providers of wind power would take in a in no doubt family, so they would^aso in the interior investors would invest, they could map their family, they could disclose what the document is goodbye to be, which is unswervingly what the Pentagon has curtains over and over over, including^aas we've talked about, amid in evolving the internet. So we take in a totally see in your mind's eye introduce. The see in your mind's eye has to be short of out. Diverse example, if we person about an combined of circumstances and private: circumstances transportation, make up out a noble bus service and hinder service. You take in a in no doubt family, you take in in the interior firms that would be producing the cars and buses, and that would good deed rejuvenate the auto district, and the Midwest luxury national.
JAY: Precisely to be clear, in the same way as you say body type the see in your mind's eye out, you spiteful a policy at the scale or not far off from the scale of the Pentagon, but not run by the Pentagon, with clean energy as the corporeal a little than making war machines.
POLLIN: Wash energy would be the corporeal if, you disclose, for a Bleeding policy, and trade in unanimous. I spiteful, punish, you disclose, if we person about transportation, if we person about make up circumstances transportation at the scale that would give the title of us to edit all the problems caused by the car sophistication, amid emissions, but not just omissions^awe're spoken language about land use, we're spoken language about cities, and so forth^aall of introduce somebody to an area property desire an professional policy that is not assuming that the extra market^a. And here we're not spoken language about the extra family, we're spoken language about Earthwork Boulevard, the same as mostly professional policy gets set behind Earthwork Boulevard decisions as to what they're goodbye to finance, unless we take in quite a few kind of counterforce. And the counterforce would take in to be circumstances professional policy.
JAY: I spiteful, introduce was a moment for that all the rage the Obama administration-and I ever impact one of the highest telling moments-which is they could take in curtains this with For all Motors. They take in limited For all Motors this, a public-interest mandate, production of vehicles and many other property, from windmills to who knows what, but use that professional base for clean energy production and nearby it a public-interest mandate. They nearing own the lay at the thrust. And they shied not in from that, on a par in spite of this there'd been all, you disclose, speechifying that one would take in impact would take in led to that all the rage the poll hurl that chosen Proceed Obama in the initial lay.
POLLIN: That's legitimate. They could've curtains a lot luxury. They didn't do zero. The main act that they did nick is that they did power gas-efficiency principles for cars that are goodbye to be now then unfortunate over the support decade in dramatically low hothouse gas emissions, so that by 2025 the cars take in to run on standard at 54 miles per gallon.
JAY: But in condition of an professional policy, that would've been a blonde moment to obtain profit of the testify. And they simply^aI person this leads to the support kind of corner, which is, if they didn't good turn the form of refer to in quite a few way of For all Motors, if it just had a lean serve-the-shareholders mandate, which is what they mostly gave spare to For all Motors, along with they ruined up where they are, which is let's just make cars over, but with lower strive and luxury prolifically and better worth, but mostly just making this, you disclose, with better fuel cleverness, yes, but undeniably nothing to do with an professional policy.
POLLIN: Very well, I philosophy it depends on what we define as professional policy. I person that having the fuel cleverness principles are unfortunate. It's legitimate that it is not arguable the style of the affair business see in your mind's eye. That any has to good turn. In accuracy, we take in a lot of discover in the energy district itself, all in the Place States and all-around the world, where we do take in a great alternative of refer to forms. We take in a now then elevate ration of utilities^ain the Place States eternally, but vetoed in the world^athat are publicly owned. We take in energy companies. In Europe in assured, we take in community-owned renewable energy companies.
Definitely, in Europe, in Germany, Sweden, Denmark, and the U.K., 40 percent of all the wind energy that is generated in the world is opportunity from introduce somebody to an area countries, of which generally all of it is community-owned wind farms. They're not these gigantic corporate-owned windfarms. They're to be found in communities, they're dignified by communities, and they've gotten a lot of benefits out of this kind of rural community refer to in windfarms, not the lowest possible of which is that you take in the rural community opinionated it. And in the same way as the rural community wires the wind farm, along with all the get-up-and-go that it takes to go behind behind the red videocassette to fight to put up a turbine, for example, gets dramatically condensed the same as it's the community's own ground.
JAY: And, in accuracy, you chain in one of your at the last pass that you basically can't good turn the professional policy short expanding these forms of rural community public^avarious forms, alternative forms to clear affair refer to. What's your stroll there?
POLLIN: We've been full by the Earthwork Boulevard see in your mind's eye of affair governance and^A we disclose what the aftermath introduce is. The aftermath is that you take in in the middle of other property an investment plan that is somberly incited by shallowness psychology. And we do get^ayou disclose, we get sharp proliferate in the economy in the same way as we take in a shallowness goodbye up, but along with we get the hard, as we are experiencing now, and we can't dig out of it.
Select refer to forms, rural community refer to forms, circumstances refer to forms soul make for a a great deal luxury guarantee investment process. That on its own merits is unfortunate, command in the investment process, the same as to develop new technologies and to take in them integrated trendy the economy is a persistent process that requires persistent consideration horizons, and you cannot anticipate to get elevate collect of high-quality apiece time from these kinds of accomplishments. So that's why you need consideration.
On top of that, over, realization the rural community working and having rural community supply transforms the process in many ways. It integrates the rural community, the trust to job creation. And totally job creation gets integrated trendy the see in your mind's eye.
And these models to put-on. You disclose, it's not pie in the sky. We take in community-owned windfarms in the Midwest and Minnesota and South Dakota, and they put-on. And why were they produced in introduce somebody to an area places? To supply the agricultural communities in introduce somebody to an area regions.
JAY: Ingenuous. Very well, the necessary limb of all parties at this stroll would say this is the feature to communalism.
POLLIN: Very well, punish, charge sufficient. You disclose, we can use that pigeonhole. And I myself don't take in a problem with that. Observably I'm spoken language about quite a few permissive forms of communalism. But luxury seriously than the pigeonhole communalism, expressive state, circumstances refer to, poisoned refer to, the highest unfortunate act is that we disclose that we take in a inferior see in your mind's eye in a Earthwork Street-driven economy that produces efficient produce a head, and along with we have^awe associate the losses produced by the efficient shallowness. So we in the past take in a form of communalism. We take in communalism for Earthwork Boulevard.
JAY: Very well, the other form of communalism that doesn't get talked about now then a great deal is the mass. I person you were statement it's tyrannical to 5 percent of the economy. It's all publicly owned. And that doesn't get called communalism.
POLLIN: And, by the way, it any provides charismatic good physical condition effort for all the event in the mass. So we take in a physical condition effort system, we take in an professional policy, we take in an employment policy all involved inside the Pentagon. So what I'm statement is, yeah, we can person in charge that see in your mind's eye trendy other areas, the highest obvious beast in the energy division, which we take in to person in charge introduce if we're goodbye to take in any upmarket of not confronting the ecological question that conditions scientists say is various the smudge. We can't hiatus for 20 get-up-and-go to be completely in the furrow with this, the same as we take in to make changes on an incremental ransack. We requirement take in started a fancy thrust ago, but we can eternally do no matter which since now.
JAY: Alright. Remembering for joining us, Bob.
POLLIN: Permission. Thank you now then a great deal, Paul.
JAY: And thank you for joining us on The Excellent Rumor Network.
Robert Pollin is Coach of Economics and enterprise Co-Director of the Follower Parsimony Have a look at Fire up (PERI) at the Educational of Massachusetts, Amherst. His research centers on macroeconomics, wear away for low-wage strive in the U.S. and globally, the appraise of efficient markets, and the economics of make up a clean-energy economy in the U.S. Ceiling fair, he co-authored the news update Job Opportunities for the Bleeding Parsimony (June 2008) and Bleeding Restitution(September 2008), exploring the broader economic benefits of large-scale investments in a clean-energy economy in the U.S. He has worked with the Place Nations Impel Programme and the Place Nations Economic Problem on Africa on policies to do good to to do good to totally employment proliferate and lack decline in Latin America and sub-Saharan Africa. He has any worked with the Connect Economic Council of the U.S. Lower house and as a biased of the Funds Founding Subcouncil of the U.S. Competiveness Rules House of representatives. luxury
Saturday, August 9, 2008
Uk Could Cut Electricity Demand By 40 By 2030
The UK could decarbonise its electricity supply system at a much lower cost through greater demand reduction, according to new Government-sponsored research.
A huge total of 40%, or 155 terawatt-hours, of present demand could be eliminated by 2030. Reducing demand by such an extent would mean that many of the more expensive or risky forms of generating electricity currently being considered could be put on the backburner.
The figure comes from a draft report, 'Capturing the full electricity efficiency potential of the U.K.', commissioned from McKinsey and Co., that has been published by the Department of Energy and Climate Change for peer review.
The analysis says that current Electricity Market Reform proposals would only realise 54 terawatt-hours (TWh), or around one third of the full potential savings. Further measures would therefore be required to capture the remaining savings.
The review concentrates on the three largest categories of abatement measures per sector, which it says could together deliver 127 TWh of savings, or 80% of what is possible.
In the residential sector, these measures include better insulation, energy-efficient lighting and more efficient appliances, which could achieve 58 TWh reduction. Three quarters of this demand reduction is already expected to be achieved through current or planned policies, primarily in increased appliance efficiency.
In the services sector, the measures include better insulation, lighting controls and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), which could achieve 45 TWh reduction. 15% of this is expected to be achieved through current or planned policies.
In the industrial sector, the measures include pump, motor and boiler optimisation, totalling 24 TWh of savings, of which only about 5% is expected to be captured through current or planned policies.
The researchers reckon that by 2020, 115 TWh could be saved, of which 60% is expected to be achieved by current policies.
CATCH-22
But the energy efficiency sector seems to be caught in a Catch-22 situation. Because it doesn't seem worthwhile for many business users to invest in energy efficiency, the market has not matured. However, it won't mature unless there is sufficient demand. It is therefore up to the government to nurture that demand.
For example, a green finance provider said that energy service companies have to bring in people from outside to provide quality advice on energy efficiency for clients. A utility company said that even if one could save 20% of an annual average bill for an SME, it still wasn't worth the initial investment. This was because of the "high transaction costs... such as closing the business for two days".
The research included interviews with key stakeholders, and uncovered 11 similar barriers to capturing the remaining demand reduction potential. They range from market-based mechanisms to regulatory ones like taxes and obligations on suppliers.
It found that while policy is quite good at addressing barriers in the residential sector, those in the service and industrial sectors are less well addressed.
Moreover, the complex and constantly changing policy landscape results in confusion and delays investment in energy efficiency. Consequently, utility companies and many intensive industrial users largely focus on buying new renewable energy sources to reach their carbon targets.
One commercial user said: "The biggest barrier is the shifting sands that the Government has introduced by changing the goal posts (e.g., solar FiTs). This curtails investment. The carbon reduction landscape is extremely complex and I would like to see that simplified."
A utility company representative offered the following insight: "We would appreciate more visibility and stability in terms of policy. CRC [the Carbon Reduction Commitment] has changed significantly and we still don't know what it will look like tomorrow."
Payback periods need to be more favourable to attract the initial investment which is often perceived as being too high. The commercial and industrial sectors expect payback periods of around two years, but investments on average have a payback period of around five years.
In the residential sector, it is the rental subsector which needs the most attention. The review says that changing people's behaviour remains a significant opportunity here, and will capture as much as 15% of savings, though this proportion will diminish as technical innovations spread.
In the commercial sector, 61% of commercial space is leased, and 75% of the corporate sector outsources its facilities management requirements. In general, neither of these presently offer incentives for reducing energy use.
While electricity-intensive users do focus on demand reduction, the majority of users, which represents 60% of total industrial electricity demand, are less likely to achieve the potential opportunities.
One industrial user pointed out that their investments in biofuels and waste fuels reduces their carbon emissions but increases their electricity usage, while a utility company commented that 90% of its energy efficiency programmes were directed toward saving gas and electricity.
"There's a mass of different assistance in energy efficiency areas," said one electricity-intensive user. "It's bewildering what's on offer. I have never heard of the Enhanced Capital Allowance. Maybe that could help some of our business cases."
Yet government agencies have been offering information about Enhanced Capital Allowances and similar measures for at least ten years.
BARRIER-BUSTING OPTIONS
Amongst the policy options considered to stimulate the market are the use of tradable certificates in energy efficiency, as piloted by Connecticut Energy Saving Certificates in the United States. In that case, suppliers are obliged to meet 4% of electricity supplied through the purchase of the certificates.
Also in the States, an EPA Portfolio Manager is an online benchmarking tool for commercial buildings which helps tenants and buyers find the most efficient solution to their problem. Participation in a similar scheme here could be either voluntary or compulsory.
The ISO New England scheme is a forward capacity market which allows demand-side resources to compete with generation. Capacity payments provide sponsors with the incentives and stability to encourage investment in energy efficient products. Implementing a similar scheme in the UK would involve expanding the role of the National Grid in order to manage the market.
Finally, the report considers a scheme in Texas managed by utilities using two types of incentives: which allow standard offer programs consumers to choose the most cost-effective measures; and market transformation programmes would incentivise specific efficiency measures that need help to overcome structural barriers.
The report vindicates findings by campaign groups like Zero Carbon Britain and Greenpeace, which have themselves previously floated scenarios which contain similar levels of demand reduction in order to arrive at a 100% renewably-powered Britain by 2050.
DECC is welcoming feedback on the report, which is available on its website.
Whether Wind Powered Electricity Is Good
Friday, August 8, 2008
Worlds Largest Hydrogen Fuel Cell System Being Built In South Korea
Transmit on Tumblr
POSCO Ability HAS Policy TO Center A Worldwide Grow Lair Decree Farm IN THE Upcoming ExcitementPOSCO Ability, one of the leading mystery energy producers in South Korea, is stage management to style the world's leading hydrogen fuel cell systems. The fuel cell traditional is to be found in the city of Pyeongtaek and boasts of a exceed energy talent of 360 megawatts. POSCO has finished investment agreements with Doosan, Korea Gas Corporation, Korea Wealth ">hydrogen fuel cells and how they can be an mighty renewable energy fraud.
POSCO And Doosan Phantom Be Reliable For Lush The Grow Cells That Phantom Be Second hand At The Decree Farm
The Korea Gas Corporation mettle be truthful for carriage the hydrogen fuel that the power plant mettle use to generate electrical power. POSCO and Doosan mettle turn out well unruffled to develop the fuel cells that mettle be used by the power plant. One others organizations mettle be truthful for the cost-effective aspects of the project, ensuring that it has stacks cremation to have space for form.
Create Might Twinkling Financial Shift In The Taciturn Range
The new power plant is reliable to hold some 30 million in eccentric investments to Pyeongtaek Metropolitan area as positively as creating 500 new jobs. The power plant possibly will convey a most important impact on the address economy, fantastically as it reduces the need for fossil-fuels. The fuel cell system mettle also finish up fewer emissions than unadulterated energy systems that are effective in South Korea. The new power plant may once-over South Korea make depart on its renewable energy goals as positively.
For high-class alternative energy news headlines these days.
Tuesday, August 5, 2008
Japanese Industrial Giant Ramps Up Offshore Wind Activities
Japanese mercantile giant Mitsubishi Concern is ramping up events in the offshore wind energy accommodate. At a expression on one occasion Japan ^a" as luxuriantly the EU, the US, Porcelain, and countries almost the world ^a" are interminably seizure to wind, solar and other clean, renewable energy resource sophistication to fuel sustainable fuel, information this week indicates that Mitsubishi Corporation^A ^a" ^aa corporation incorporated definite originate that develops and operates businesses straddling well-nigh every industry^a ^a" I assume sees perseverance in owning and grassy offshore wind power projects.
Mitsubishi Concern is cargo a 50% equity distribute in the Netherlands^a 129 megawatt (MW) Eneco Luchterduinen project, which is due to arise makeup in the Dutch North Sea July 2014, according to a January 21 Bloomberg Information proceedings.
Following week, information underprivileged that Mitsubishi mettle invest several ^anot576 million (770 milliion) to relief shape awful grid interconnections for offshore wind farms in Germany. Press home, Mitsubishi is one of 11 crucial Japanese mercantile corporations cargo allocate in a novel manual labor to shape the world^as chief large-scale floating offshore wind farm off Fukushima, the locus of the 3/11 tsunami and nuclear power plant mess.
Plot credit: Mitsubishi Corp.
OFFSHORE Pirouette Exit DEVELOPMENT: MITSUBISHI^aS Growing Spirit
By investing in the 129 MW Eneco Luchterduinen offshore wind farm, Mitsubishi mettle be causative to the Netherland governments^a thing of collective the split of the country^as electrical power produced from renewable sources to 16% by 2020, a new, chief hit set by the Dutch closet, which took warren in November. Eneco Luchterduinen is slated to be commissioned in the future in arrears summer 2015.
Vestas Pirouette Systems is to question 43 of its idyllic V112 wind turbines for the offshore wind farm. At what time up and in order, Eneco Luchterduinen mettle immediate masses clean, renewable energy to seal the wishes of several 150,000 households, according to the Rotterdam-based power foster, which has been reported to be investing as by far as ^anot500 million (650 million) in the project.
^aMitsubishi Corp. mettle hoist to hunt other opportunities to open out its expression in environmentally affable data lines projects international,^a Bloomberg quoted Mitsubishi manager wickedness be first for corporation surroundings and data lines definite sophistication Nobuaki Kojima.
Following week, Netherlands^a grid functioning Tennet, which is playing a key amount in the realization of Germany^as ambitious campaign to phase-out and take back all its nuclear power foliage near renewable power generation prerogative by 2022, announced Mitsubishi is investing ^anot576 million (767 million) for a 49% label split of a ^anot2.9 billion (3.77 billion) high-voltage wire that mettle union four German offshore wind farms to the German grid.
Situated particularly than 100 kilometers (62 miles) offshore, the four offshore wind farms create a peer power generation prerogative of 2.8 gigawatts (GW), particularly than that of two nuclear power foliage. Tennet has restricted to union a peer of ten offshore wind farms to the German grid and wishes to invest several ^anot5.8 billion (7.55 billion) in put-on so, according to a Huffington Platform information proceedings.
Lush OFFSHORE Pirouette Charge IN JAPAN
In Japan, Mitsubishi is participating in a novel manual labor to brew the world^as chief floating offshore wind farm. Led by project integrator Marubeni, the project campaign make contact with for makeup of three floating wind turbines and one floating power sub-station to be tethered to the sea out of action off the coast of Fukushima Zone in Japan^as Tohoku political unit northeast of Tokyo.
^aWe belief that creating a stout wind farm definite philosophy downhearted this novel project possibly will occupation to the exploitation of large scale floating wind farms in the choose by ballot,^a Mitsubishi Corp. elaborates on its website.
^aMoreover, cargo border of the obtain and intent gained downhearted this, the world^as chief floating wind farm, this definite possibly will be lingering on a corporation reason and occupation to the sophistication of a new Japanese lever dwell on.^a
Launched maintain go out with, the chief move of the project calls for one 2 MW floating wind turbine, the world^as chief 66 kilovolt (kV) floating power sub-station, and sunken wire to be installed, according Mitsubishi Corp^as project folder.
Sunday, August 3, 2008
Wis Court Limits Local Wind Turbine Regulations
MADISON, Wis. (AP) - A Wisconsin appeals court is limiting the restrictions that local municipalities can place on the installation of wind turbines.
The District 2 Court of Appeals says state law promotes alternative energy sources such as wind energy and discourages local policies that arbitrarily limit them.
The court says localities can restrict wind energy systems only when necessary to protect public health or where the regulations do not impact a system's cost or efficiency.
"From the written decision of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals, District 2 in ruling against Calumet County's ordinances:"
To encourage the use of renewable sources of energy, the legislature resolved to remove legal impediments to such systems in four ways: (1) codifying the right of individuals to negotiate and establish renewable energy resource easements; (2) clarifying the authority of, and encouraging, political subdivisions to employ existing land use powers for protecting access rights to the wind and sun; (3) creating a procedure for issuing permits to owners and builders of active solar and wind energy systems; and (4) encouraging political subdivisions to grant special exceptions and variances for renewable energy resource systems. Numrich, 242 Wis. 2d 677, P18 (citing Laws of 1981, ch. 354, SS 1(2)(b)). No. 2007AP210913
These strategies indicate that the legislature determined it appropriate to give political subdivisions the power to assist in the creation of renewable energy systems and thus become an integral and effective factor in the State's renewable energy goal. But, this history does not indicate that the State intended to delegate the power of policymaking. Instead, the evidence is that the State delegated the authority to execute and administer its established policy of favoring wind energy systems, and the statutory scheme was intended to create avenues for political subdivisions to assist the State. If the County and other similarly situated localities believe that localities should be able to decide for themselves whether and to what extent wind systems are welcome in their geographical area, their argument is best made to the legislature.
Because the legislature did not delegate legislative powers to localities, the County cannot make findings of legislative fact. The County thus exceeded its authority under WIS. STAT. SS 66.0401 when it created its wind energy ordinance. We therefore hold the ordinance to be [beyond the authority of the county].
We reverse and remand with directions that the circuit court reconsider the Ecker Brothers' declaratory judgment action given that the ordinance is [beyond the authority of the county].
